How to apply for a Social Security Number as a nonresident / international student in the US
January 16, 2025 – 7 minute read
Starting your US journey 🇺🇸✨
You’ve just arrived in the United States — ready to study, work, and explore new opportunities. But before you receive your first paycheck or open a bank account, you’ll quickly discover something crucial: you need a Social Security Number (SSN).
If you’re an international student or nonresident wondering what exactly an SSN is, whether you qualify for one, and how to apply, don’t worry — this guide breaks it all down step by step 🧾
🧠 What is a Social Security Number?
A Social Security Number is a nine-digit identification number issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA). It’s used to:
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Verify your eligibility to work in the US
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Report your income and taxes to the IRS
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Access certain government services and benefits
For nonresidents, it’s mainly a requirement for lawful employment and tax reporting.
📇 Types of Social Security Cards
There are three main types of SSN cards issued by the SSA:
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US Citizens – No work restrictions.
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Temporary Workers – Card states “Valid for work only with DHS authorization.”
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Non-work SSN holders – Card reads “Not valid for employment” and is typically for nonresidents who need an SSN for federal benefits, not for work.
👩🎓 Who can get an SSN?
If you’re a US citizen, a permanent resident, or a nonresident with work authorization, you can apply for an SSN.
International students or scholars in categories such as J-1, F-1 (with on-campus employment), or H-1B are generally eligible to apply.
If you don’t have work authorization but need to file taxes, you’ll need an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) instead.
🔍 SSN vs. ITIN — What’s the difference?
Both numbers are used for tax identification, but they serve different purposes:
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SSN → for those authorized to work in the US.
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ITIN → for nonresidents who must file taxes but can’t get an SSN.
If you’re an F-1 student without a job or a scholarship recipient, an ITIN may be what you need instead of an SSN.
📝 How to apply for an SSN as a nonresident
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Complete Form SS-5 – the official Social Security Card application.
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Gather your documents – proof of identity, age, and immigration status (such as Form I-94, DS-2019, or your visa).
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Visit your local SSA office – bring your application and original documents.
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Wait for your card – once your documents are verified, your SSN will be mailed to you.
💡 Tip: Wait at least 10 days after arriving in the US before applying, so your arrival information is updated in the government system.
🏫 How to apply as an international student
If you’re an F-1 student with work authorization, bring:
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A letter from your Designated School Official (DSO) confirming your student status and employment details.
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A letter from your employer listing your job title, hours, and supervisor contact.
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Your I-20 Form (Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status).
If you’re working under Curricular Practical Training (CPT), ensure your employment page on the I-20 is completed and signed.
🔒 Protect your Social Security Card
Your SSN is a key part of your identity — keep it private!
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Never share it over email or phone.
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Store your physical card securely.
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If you suspect fraud, report it to the SSA immediately.
💻 Can I apply online?
For first-time applicants, you must visit the SSA office in person.
However, you can fill out Form SS-5 online, print it, and bring it along with your supporting documents to speed up the process.
❓ FAQs
How long does it take to get my SSN?
Usually within 7–10 business days after verification.
Can I apply without a job?
Only if you’re eligible for an SSN for a federal benefit or other authorized reason.
What if I lose my card?
You can request a replacement online or at an SSA office using Form SS-5.
✅ Final thoughts
Applying for a Social Security Number might seem daunting at first, but with the right documents and a little patience, it’s a straightforward process. Your SSN will be essential for working, filing taxes, and building your life in the US 🇺🇸